清代台湾客家子弟教育研究(1684-1895)

【外文题名】A Study on Hakkan Education in Ching Taiwan（1684-1895）

【作者】 江淑美

【关键词】 客家 教育 客家教育 台湾教育 清代台湾

【外文关键词】 Hakka Education Hakkan Education Taiwan Education Ching Taiwan

【导师姓名】周愚文

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】暂无

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】K256.4

【录入时间】2014-11-17

【全文挂接】 读秀挂接

【摘要】，呈現在男女有別的家庭教育中，並以族譜、家訓的方式傳承，也表現在宗祠建築、敬祀韓愈與特重敬惜字紙等的文教祭祀活動中，並產生公嘗、六堆科舉會等家族性、地域性的教育支援系統。
二、教育實況以私塾為教育主力：儒學中，粵籍生員的名額，主要分配在府儒學中，且閩籍較為有利，粵籍則相對不利。清代臺灣的書院中，與客家族群的教育較有關係的為明志書院和英才書院。社學部分，只舉吳子光所主持之文英社為例。義學，則以恆春縣義學為例，教育成效有限。私塾學生數最多，多為民間自行籌設，以「向陽書院」與劉氏家塾為例。客語編成的啟蒙教材，反映出客家族群的文化傳統與男女有別的家庭教育內容，舉《四言雜字》與《七言雜字》為例。
三、教育成果受科舉名額分配所左右：粵籍客家舉人共35位，若加入閩籍客家人則最多可增至56人，整體而言，客家保障名額發揮功效，中舉時間集中於晚清，粵籍武舉人偏少。至於客籍進士可考者共5人，佔全省進士比率12.85%，客家舉人則佔全省舉人比率最少為10.45%，最多為20.1%。而進士、舉人的主要事功為任官及地方公益。
四、教育能促進社會流動，以客家人對教育的重視及鄉人對識字者或具科舉功名者的禮遇可知，教育使個人有較好的謀生機會，但身為較高功名的進士與舉人者的社會流動，則不如預期。反而具功名者對其子弟教育的重視，加上容易與地方縉紳之家交遊或結親等附加價值，有助於家族地位的維持與提升。
總之，客家人重視教育的傳統，由原鄉延續至臺灣，在蓽路藍縷、創業有成之後，經由正式及非正式的教育、個人與家族的共同努力，爭取向上流動的機會，顯然這些努力確實收到一定的效果。...

【外文摘要】The main purpose of this paper is to study the development of Hakkan education in Taiwan in the Ching Dynasty by the local chronicles , the official documents ,the works of gentry ,the genealogy（tzu-p'u） , the primers for elementary schools and so on . The main findings of this study are as follows： 1.The tradition of education was continued from motherland： they were respected highly to cultivate and study .It made the different family education for man and woman, and were regulated in the genealogy（tzu-p'u）,the family percepts , the buildings of ancestral halls, worshiped to Han Yu and valued the paper with words. They organized the Gong-Chang Organizations（blood relationships）or the Liu-Tui imperial examination association to support the education. 2.The most important institution to educate people was private schools: The opportunities of entering the official schools to Hakkan from Guangdong were less than the othose from Fujian. The Hakkan had supported or studied Minzhi Shuyuan（明志書院）（academy）and Yingcai Shuyuan（英才書院） in Ching Taiwan. The Wenying Sheh（文英社） is one of the Hakkan community schools（She-sheh）.The charity schools（I-sheh）were in Hencheng county. The private schools were popular in Ching Taiwan. Such as 向陽Shuyuan and the Lio family's school. There were two primers for elementary schools educated by Hakka dialert, reflecting the Hakkan culture and tradition in Ching Taiwan. 3.The achievement of education was decided by the imperial examination qurata: The Hakka Juren （舉人）from Guangdong were 35 and added the 18 related Hakka Juren（舉人） from Fujian ,the total sum were 56.There were five Hakka Chin-Shihs .They concentrated in the late period Ching. 4.Education was a good way for upward the high social mobility: the Hakka would think highly of education and respect the people who were literacy or succeeded in the imperial examination .However ,the status of the Chin-Shihs（進士） and Juren（舉人） was not as good as we expected. There were several useful ways to keep or promote their status. One of them was to pay attention to educating of their next generation and have friendly relation or make relation by marriage with the other gentry. In short, the Hakkan kept their educational tradition. When they settled down in Taiwan, they studied hard by formal and non-formal education to strive for the high society. Obviously, their efforts were succeeded....