客家土地崇拜研究：以北海市公馆、白沙和闸口三客乡为中心

【外文题名】Study on Worship of Land in Hakka

【作者】 张先爵

【关键词】 北海 土地崇拜 做社 游神 民间信仰

【外文关键词】 Beihai land worship sacrifice God parade God folk belief

【导师姓名】刘道超

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2012

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】B933

【录入时间】2012-01-01

【全文挂接】 知网挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】其发展现况,以北海地区主要客乡为调研中心,结合土地崇拜相关习俗,分析土地神(或社神,客家称土地伯公、社公)与民众及客家社会之间的互动关系,同时对土地神在中国民间信仰中的地位作一番富含现实意义的探讨。第一章是绪论部分,阐述了选题原由,研究对象和研究意义,梳理了国内外关于客家民间信仰、土地崇拜等方面的研究历史和现状,探讨了研究的理论与现实意义、创新点之体现以及论证过程的难点等问题,最后说明本文的研究方法和撰写工作的具体计划。第二章交代了北海客家历史、发展概况,即从族谱、碑刻与口述等田野调研资料入手分析北海地区客家人的历史源流,深入了解与分析客家的分布与发展现状,同时着重说明主要客家乡镇的相关情况。第三章主要论述了北海地区客乡的多神信仰习俗,一方面以合浦县作为北海地区代表,阐述区域民间信仰历史背景与发展情况,从总体上把握当地民问信仰的空间与对象；另一方面是以闸口、公馆、白沙、曲樟四个主要客乡为例,从民间的佛道教、祖先崇拜、自然崇拜等方面阐述该地域存在着多神信仰的现象。第四章开始回归本文中心主题,具体考察北海地区客乡的土地崇拜及其相关信仰习俗的情况与发展现状,从历史脉络概括性梳理了土地崇拜的产生、发展与流变,再结合实际田野调研材料,认真阐述了围绕土地崇拜展开的诸多事象,即土地神的庙祠与社神的社坛、土地神或社神在当地社区存在的现实情况,还有敬土做社与新年游神相关习俗。第五章进入理论分析阶段,以希望为引线,以建构为手段,围绕着人与自然的“天人合一”生态伦理、人与社会之间互动关系以及人与人之间良好人际关系进行展开论述,最终论证土地崇拜在北海地区客乡仍繁盛不衰的事实。第六章是本文论述的中心与重点,即土地神在北海地区客乡民间信仰中地位的问题研究。首先从客乡岁时最大的祭祀节俗,即新年游神习俗分析土地崇拜在民间信仰中的表现形式,此举意在说明土地崇拜神偶之土地神仍发挥着巨大影响力这一事实。其次是突出土地崇拜对人的一生,即在生老病死过程中的影响,主要是从生命初现之挂灯习俗、活着希望之安龙习俗、终极关怀之祭祀后土习俗进行展开论述。再次是通过客家民居堂屋神龛上“天地君亲师”民间信仰秩序彰显土地崇拜的受民众拥护的崇高地位,而通过婚礼习俗加以表现,则突出了土地之神亲民性、生活化特征。最后是理论升华之重点内容,即辨析学术界一直以来对土地神尊卑地位的片面观点,阐明土地神在中国民间信仰与秩序中位列前位之真相。...

【外文摘要】Chinese people on the land of emotion, is the inclusion of enthusiasm and thanksgiving.Chinese folk on the land of God worship and sacrifice, has a long history.From the pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties this long period of time, the land of God worship is the state’s ceremony, and folk to custom, all common worship, the government and the public with equal attention, become a spiritual belief religion for the bridge construction between man and nature,"Harmony between man and nature" in the harmonious society humane phenomenon.The thesis consists of six chapters, is the study of the land worship and its development status in Beihai area, mainly Hakka villages and towns for the research center, combining land worship practices, analysis Land God (Hakka called Bogong of land、Shegong) interact with beliefs of people and regional social, at the same time, explores on Land God in the position of Chinese folk beliefs of a rich realistic significance.The first chapter is the introduction part, expounds the reason of selected topic, research object and research significance, card the research history and current situation at home and abroad about Hakka folk belief, worship of land and other aspects, discussed the research theory and the practical significance, innovations and difficulties in the process of demonstration, finally explores the research methods and the plans of writing work.The second chapter explains to Hakka history and development situation in Beihai area, namely from the genealogies, inscriptions and other field survey data to analyze the oral history of the Hakka people, deepens the understanding and analysis of the distribution and current situation of the development of Hakka, meanwhile, situations of major Hakka villages and towns would be focused on exploring.The third chapter mainly discusses the polytheistic religion customs of the Hakka villages and towns in Beihai area, on the one hand, Hepu County as a regional representative in Beihai, expounds historical background and development situation of regional folk belief, in general, grasp of the local folk beliefs of the space and object; on the other hand is in Zhakou, Gongguan, Baisha, Quzhang main Hakka villages and towns an example, elaborate the phenomenons about the region there is polytheism from the Folk Buddhism and Folk Taoism, the worship of ancestors, nature worship aspects etc.The fourth chapter begins to return to this central theme, specific make an on-the-spot investigation of land worship and belief situation and current situation of the development of history of Hakka villages and towns in Beihai area, from general combing land worship generation, development and evolution, combined with the practical fieldwork materials, carefully elaborated a lot of things around land worship, that is the land of God’s temples and altars, their reality of the situation in the local community, and the customs with sacrifice the Land God in daily or New Year.The fifth chapter in the theoretical analysis, with hope for the lead, construction as the means, around the ecological ethics of "harmony between man and nature" for people and nature, the interactive relationships between people and society and the good interpersonal relationships between person and person are discussed, finally demonstrated a fact that the land worship of Hakka villages and towns in Beihai area is still prosperous do not decline.The sixth chapter is the last chapter, also the center of this paper with emphasis, it is a problem research about status for the Land God in folk belief of Beihai area. Firstly, from the biggest sacrifice custom in Hakka township,namely parade by God in Festival New Year to analysis land worship’s forms of expression in folk belief, The move is to tell that Land God is still playing the huge influence this for a fact.Followed, by a prominent land worship influence on human life, namely in the birth process, mainly from the Guading custom in born, place the Land God custom about living hope, sacrifice Land God at graveyard customs about ultimate concern. Once again, through the "definitely ranked division" on the shrine in the Hakka dwellings, shows noble position which land worship is supported popularly by people, and through the wedding customs to performance, highlights the land worship’s characteristics that is closed to people and living.Finally is the theoretical sublimation part of the key content of academia, differentiate the view which has been have one-sided points on the Land God’s humble position, to elucidate a truth that is the Land God is in front of Chinese folk belief and order....