王化和儒化：9-18世纪赣闽粤边区的社会变迁和客家族群文化

【外文题名】Naturalization and Confucianization-On the Social Changes and the Formation of Hakka Culture in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong Border Region from 9~(th) Century to 18~(th) Century

【作者】 邹春生

【关键词】 客家 族群文化 社会变迁 宋明理学 赣闽粤边区

【外文关键词】 Hakka Ethnic culture Social changes Neo Confucianism Jiangxi Fujian and Guangdong border region

【导师姓名】谢重光

【学位名称】博士

【学位年度】2010

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】K207

【录入时间】2010-01-01

【全文挂接】 知网挂接 万方挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】学理上的分析。本文认为,随着唐宋以来我国古代经济重心的南移,东南各省在整个国家的财政收入占有极其重要的地位,赣闽粤边区的经济地位也日益上升；同时,大庾岭—赣江通道的开凿,也使赣闽粤边区在沟通南北交通方面起着十分重要的作用；然而,自唐宋以来,这一地区因大量外来族群的迁入,又出现了长期的社会动乱。为了维护这一地区的社会稳定,确保国家在东南地区的财税收入和南北经济动脉的畅通,中央政府改变隋唐以前依靠地方豪强进行间接统治的方式,通过征剿招抚、增设县治、推行保甲制度等“王化”措施,加强了对这里的控制和管理,实现了中央政府对这里的直接统治。与此同时,宋明理学兴起亦使儒家学术发生了从“重治”到“重教”的重大转变,儒家文化重新获得封建统治者的重视,成为国家重新构建乡村社会秩序的指导思想。受这一文化大背景的影响,中央政府在赣闽粤边区推行“王化”的过程中,也大力推行“儒化”运动,试图按照儒家伦理道德思想的模式构建赣闽粤边区的社会秩序。本文选取了兴办学校、推行旌表制度、控制宗教信仰三方面的事例,介绍了中央政权在赣闽粤边区大力推行儒家文化并取得良好效果的情况,并且认为儒家文化的广泛推广,对该地区的社会变迁和客家族群文化的形成,具有极其重要的意义。按照文化结构理论,一种文化通常可以分为物质、制度和精神三个层次,其中以价值观念为核心的精神层次决定着该种文化的文化属性。通过对客家文化结构的分析,本文认为,.尽管客家文化体系包含了多元族群文化因子,在语言、民俗、神灵信仰等许多方面含有大量土著文化的因素,但以儒家思想为核心的中原汉族文化则是该文化体系的主导文化,儒家伦理道德价值观念成为客家族群最重要的文化心理。正因为客家族群对儒家文化有着高度的文化认同,表明客家族群已经融入汉民族的大家庭,成为汉民族的一个支系。...

【外文摘要】Mainly based on historical documents while combined with archaeological data and fieldwork, this research has made a study on historical traces of the spread and infiltration of the Central Plains dynasty regime and the Confucian mainstream culture in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong border region from 9th century to 18th century, and reveals the inner logic relationship between the social changes of the border region and the formation of Hakka culture. Moreover, the paper quotes the Culture Theory to explain why Hakka is listed as a branch of Han and interpretate the influence of the state power over the formation of Hakka Culture and the social changes in the border region.This paper holds that the economic status of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong border region has been promoted as the economic center’s moving southward since Tang and Song dynasty; the Southeastern provinces has played an important role in the nation’s revenue. Meanwhile, the excavation of the Dayuling—Ganjiang Channel has made the border region an important traffic link between the north and the south. However, a large number of ethnic groups immgrating from other areas since Tang and Song dynasty has lead to a long-term social unrest in the region. To secure the social stability of the border region, its revenue and its function as a traffic and economic link between South and North, the state changed the former way of ruling this area through local overlords and took "naturalization" measures such as extermination, pacifying, increasing county offices and the Bao-jia system. These measures enhanced the control and management of the border region and realized the direct rule of the central government over this area.Meanwhile, the rising of Confucian philosophical school in Song and Ming dynasty made a great change over Confucianism, leading it from governing to civilization. Confucianism has regained the attention from the feudal rulers and become the guiding ideology for nation’s reconstruction of the social order in rural areas. Influenced by this cultural background, the central government sponsored the campaign of "Confucianization" to construct the social order of the border region in the ethic mode of Confucianism whera during the process of naturalization. This paper chooses instances from three aspects-setting up schools, setting ethic examples and controlling religion believes, to make an introduction of the spread of Confucianism in the border region with supports of the state power.According to Hakka Culture stratification theory, a certain kind of culture can be divided into material, system and mind. And the mind level which takes value as core is the most critical factor in determining the nature of the culture. The central government’s measures of "naturalization" and "Confucianization" in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong border region has not only boosted the integration of different ethnic groups and the formation of the Hakka branch, but also made Han culture the mainstream in Hakka culture which takes Confucianism as core. The Confucianism ethic value has become the most outstanding common cultural psychology. This nature of the Hakka culture has determined the Hakka’s national nature—Han, which is also the theory foundation of listing Hakka as a branch of Han....