国家、地方与宗教：客家青年世代的族群认同建构

【外文题名】State,Place and Religion: The Construction of Hakka identity among Young Generation

【作者】 钟效京

【关键词】 客家 认同 族群边界 族群性 世代差异

【外文关键词】 Ethnicity Identity Hakka Ethnic boundary Generations

【导师姓名】郑力轩

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】Q132.1,C913.5

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】 读秀挂接

【摘要】對「認同」(identity)進行更細緻的討論出發，探討在這個概念並運用在族群範疇的脈絡下，解釋台灣客家青年世代如何在這個身份建制化以及語言流失的矛盾情境中建立客家認同。筆者針對三個客家相關團體：客家鄉鎮中的客家後生會、都市中的義民廟祭祀組織，以及政府所開辦的客語班，並以隨機滾雪球方式所接觸的受訪者跟上面三者比較，進行深度訪談，分析不同社會脈絡下客家青年關於客家認同的自我敘事。研究結果發現，客家血緣是四個脈絡中受訪者共同界定客家身分的判準，但對於客家文化內涵的界定則隨脈絡不同而有相當不同的認知。客家鄉鎮後生會成員普遍將客家認同連結到地方認同，都市中義民廟祭祀圈受訪者則著重在信仰的靈驗以及對廟宇的認同感，客語班參予者則直接投射出客家身分建制化後的官方論述。隨機的受訪者則明顯分歧，許多人甚至將將客家視為不具特殊意義的身分。本研究指出，作為辨認族群身分的方法，儘管血緣卻仍是各個脈絡下認同建構的基礎。換言之，社會脈絡深刻地影響了認同的內涵，導致了迥然不同對族群身分的認知方式與實踐。我們指出，這個案例顯示出即使相似的族群性認知，也可能蘊含了具有不同特定的認知。這個結果對理解台灣族群現象具有重大的理論意涵。...

【外文摘要】After the surge of Hakka movement in 1980s, Hakka identity has become a public issue. As the Commission of Hakka Affairs in every level of government was constructed and Hakka colleges were founded in several universities in the following years, the category of Hakka people has been institutionalized. But in the meantime, less and less young generation of Hakka people lost the proficiency of the Hakka dialect, which was widely seen as a crucial element of the Hakka identity. This thesis aims to explore how Hakka young generation built their ethnic identity under the paradoxical situation in which the rise of Hakka identify in the public domain has been interwoven with the loss of Hakka proficiency. The author focused on three Hakka groups, including the association of young Hakka in Meinon, the organizations of I-Min Temple (Temple of the Righteous) in Kaohsiung City, and a Hakka dialect classes held by Kaohsiung Municipal government. The author also interview with young Hakka who has no affiliation with any group. The research result found the following results. First, all of the interviewees unanimously refer patrimonial lineage as the criteria of Hakka membership. Second, different groups have different understandings of the contents of Hakka culture. The members in the association of Hakka younger generation in Meinon tend to connect the Hakka identity with local identity, while the interviewees of the organizations of I-Min Temple emphasize the religious practices. The members of the Hakka dialect classes are more responsive to the official version of Hakka identity. Those interviewees without affiliation do not have clear patter and Hakka identity is even not meaningful for many. The study shows that although the public version of Hakka identity emphasizes the diverse sources of identity, but the patrimonial lineage is perceived as the main criteria of Hakka identity. On the other hand, the official category of Hakka does not imply a unified understanding of Hakka ethnicity. This thesis shows the limitation of groupism assumption of which ethnic categories are naturally identical with social groups and social practices. Students of Hakka studies should pay more attention to the complicated relationships between ethnic categories and practices....