北埔地区客家人使用国语ㄐ、ㄑ、ㄒ之社会变异研究

【外文题名】Sociolinguistic Variation of Mandarin Alveolopalatal Initials j-, q-, x- in the Beipu Hakka Community, Taiwan

【作者】 曾国盛

【关键词】 国语发音 社会变异 语音变异 客家国语 北埔 客家话 社会语言学

【外文关键词】 Hakka Hakka Mandarin Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistic Variation Beipu Mandarin Alveolopalatals Phonological Variation

【导师姓名】何德华

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】暂无

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】暂无

【录入时间】2014-11-17

【全文挂接】 读秀挂接

【摘要】而ㄐ、ㄑ、ㄒ前移時會被ㄗ、ㄘ、ㄙ所取代，例如「機」發成「ㄗㄧ」。本研究將探討影響語音變異的因素包括內在的語音環境（韻母）及外在因素如說話者的性別、年齡、教育程度、風格以及語言態度。
受訪者為北埔鄉當地以海陸腔的客語為母語的居民。二十位受訪者逐一接受三十至四十分鐘的訪談並錄音。訪談的內容分為面談（個人背景、回答問題）、重述故事、朗誦短文及詞表。訪談結束後，受訪者填寫評量自身語言態度的問卷。語料經整理後並以GOLDVARB 2001 (Robinson, Lawrence & Tagligmonte, 2001)進行語音變異的量化分析。
研究結果顯示內在及外在因素影響ㄐ、ㄑ、ㄒ語音變異。內在的語音環境方面：一、當韻母以「ㄧ」為其介音或主要元音時，ㄐ、ㄑ、ㄒ發生前移並被ㄗ、ㄘ、ㄙ取代，同時前移所佔比例最高。二、當韻母以「ㄩ」為其介音或主要元音，出現前移現象時，圓唇音「ㄩ」會被非圓唇「ㄧ」所取代，ㄐ、ㄑ、ㄒ則保持不變。三、當ㄐ、ㄑ、ㄒ其後的韻母為「ㄩㄣ」時出現例外現象，介音「ㄩ」不會被非圓唇「ㄧ」所取代，相對的，ㄩㄣ發成一ㄨㄣ。外在的因素方面，一、女性比起男性使用較多的正確發音。二、年輕的受訪者使用的正確發音比年長者多。三、教育程度高者使用正確發音多，相對的，程度低者，產生前移現象多。四、受訪者在正式風格使用較多正確發音，在非正式風格上，前移相對較多。最後，語言態度的問卷結果發現，受訪者對於不同變體接受度與本身語言使用狀況有不一致的現象。本文將針對結果做進一步的探討及合理解釋。...

【外文摘要】This study follows Labov’s sociolinguistic interview methods to investigate the sociolinguistic variation of Mandarin alveolopalatal initials j-, q-, and x- in a Hakka community, Beipu, a small township but now a famous scenic spot in Xinzhu. The fronting of j-, q-, and x- is one of the features of Hakka Mandarin by Hailu Hakka speakers and these sounds are fronted as the dentals z-, c-, and s-, respectively. In this study, both internal linguistic factors (the finals following the initials) and external linguistic factors (gender, age, education level, speech style, and language attitude) are investigated. The participants consist of 20 natives of Hailu Hakka speakers who live in Beipu since their childhood and were interviewed and recorded digitally for 30 to 40 minutes individually. Participants were asked to perform tasks in different speech styles including interview, story retelling, passage reading, and word reading and to answer the questionnaire to evaluate their own language attitude. The data were transcribed and entered into GOLDVARB 2001 (Robinson, Lawrence & Tagligmonte, 2001) for quantitative analysis. The results show that both internal linguistic and external social factors affect the fronting of alveolopalatals. The internal linguistic factors are the finals that occur after the initials and they have effects on the variation in three ways: (1) the fronted alveolopalatals occur most frequently when followed by the high front unrounded vowel -i, (2) the high front rounded vowel - is unrounded and replaced by -i when it follows the initials, and (3) the fronting does not occur when the initials are followed by the final -n. On the other hand, external linguistic factors are proved to have effects on the pronunciations. First, females use more accurate production of alveolopalatals than do males. Secondly, young speakers use more standard form of alveolopalatals than old speakers. Thirdly, speakers of higher education level have less fronting than those of lower education level. Next, the more formal the speech style is, the more accurate the speakers’ production of the initials. Finally, the results of questionnaire of language attitude reveal that inconsistency exists between participants’ language use and attitude toward different variants, for example, participants slightly disagree with replacing the alveolopalatals with the dentals but use fronted variants most frequently....