广东佛教文化地理研究

【作者】 岳辉

【关键词】 佛教文化 空间扩散 文化景观 地方感 广东

【外文关键词】 Buddhist culture spatial diffusion cultural landscape sense of place Guangdong

【导师姓名】司徒尚纪

【学位名称】博士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】B016.9,B94,P901,I236.65

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】 读秀挂接

【摘要】展传播和演变扩散来确立对其保护的现实意义，对于这些问题的思考是引发本研究的现实动机。同时，文献研究也表明：西方以基督教为主体的宗教地理研究已经日趋成熟，不但出现了传统文化地理学和新文化地理学研究模式，也产生了宗教生态学和社会地理学研究倾向；相对而言，中国大陆对这一领域的研究还处于起步阶段，尚需加强。这也是本研究的理论动机所在。 论文以文化地理学中最基本的人地关系理论和文化景观等相关理论为指导，探讨佛教文化在广东形成和发展的自然地理基础和社会人文条件。进而通过对其传播扩散的过程，以及在此过程中形成的佛教文化景观的研究，探寻其传播扩散的动力机制。继而通过分析佛教文化在广东不同地域中的差异，揭示出佛教文化对地方文化的深刻影响，从而提出保护佛教文化对于地方感的塑造所具有的重要意义。 通过研究和分析，本文主要结论如下： （1）广东独特的自然地理环境和相对开放的社会文化环境是佛教能够在此地立足传播扩散的重要原因。本文以寺庙的分布作为研究的切入点，通过定量分析的方法，揭示了历史时期广东佛教的时空演变规律，并探讨了政治、经济、人口、交通、僧侣活动及佛教理论等方面因素构成的对佛教空间扩散的驱动机制。 （2）佛教文化诸要素在广东不同时空的组合与分布构成了丰富多彩的佛教文化景观，反映出佛教与岭南这一特殊的地理单元之间的相互作用关系。基于佛教文化景观在不同区域之间的个性特征，将广东划分为广府佛教文化区、客家佛教文化区和福佬佛教文化区，它们在广东佛教的发展中占有不同的地位和作用。 （3）在广东佛教形成和发展的过程中，因为深受广东不同地域文化的影响，所以其景观具有鲜明的地方特色，并由此成为地方文化认同的重要依据和塑造地方感的文化源泉。因此保护广东佛教文化景观，对于地方感的塑造具有重要的现实意义，同时对于宗教旅游的发展也具有重要的现实意义。 本文的主要学术贡献在于：借助文化地理学的研究框架对广东佛教文化地理进行了系统研究；从文化地理学的视角，对惠能及其创立的禅宗顿教的产生、发展和传播进行了研究；提出广东佛教文化区划分的原则和方法；借助地方认同和地方感塑造等文化地理的新话题，探讨了保护佛教文化景观与塑造区域地方感的现实意义。但是由于对广东佛教发展的历史资料占有有限，主要是因为相关历史资料的散佚，使得本文对于广东佛教文化传播扩散的分析还不够完善；另外，构成广东佛教发展传播驱动机制的内部各要素之间的相互关系、广东佛教文化在地域文化整合中的作用以及广东佛教与外来宗教如何构成和谐空间等问题还有进一步拓展研究的空间。...

【外文摘要】In the front of contacting with global culture lies Guangdong, where the Christianity-centered western culture is still popular and has certain impact on Buddhist culture, an important part of Lingnan culture. The impact has led to changes in both social psychology and beliefs, which are subtle but far-reaching. This research is motivated by the relations between Buddhist Culture and the Lingnan region in the era of globalization and the practical significance of protecting Buddhist Culture through the research of its development, evolvement and diffusion. Moreover, literature indicates that the study of western religious geography based on Christianity is becoming a mature discipline, in which besides traditional study of cultural geography, some trends like neo-cultural geography, religious ecology and social geography have come into being. However, researches on this field are still in its preliminary stage and need further improvement in the mainland of China, which serves as the theoretic motive to this study. Based on such basic cultural geography theories as man-land relationship and cultural landscape, this dissertation firstly probes into the geographical basis and social human conditions on which Guangdong Buddhist culture forms and develops. Secondly, it explores the dynamic mechanism of Buddhist culture diffusion by researching its process and the Buddhist cultural landscape formed in the process. Thirdly, the dissertation reveals the profound influence of the Buddhist culture on local culture through the analysis of its regional variations in Guangdong, and finally, puts forward the significance of Buddhist culture protection in shaping a sense of place. Such research and analysis lead to the following conclusions. Firstly, Guangdong is a perfect place for the diffusion of Buddhism due to its unique natural geographical environment and relatively open social and cultural environment. Proceeding from the distribution of temples, this dissertation, through quantitative analysis, studies the driving mechanism of the Buddhist culture distribution which consists of various aspects such as politics, economy, demography, transportation, as well as activities of monks. Secondly, the spatiotemporal combination and distribution of the various Buddhist culture elements contribute to the diversified and colorful Buddhist cultural landscape in Guangdong, which includes material cultural landscape like architecture, nonmaterial cultural landscape such as music and folklore, Buddhist community and education cultural landscape. The interaction of those landscapes help to construe a common vision for Buddhists. The Guangdong Buddhist culture is formed under the influence of Guangdong’s regional cultures such as Guangfu, Hakka and Fulao. Therefore, the localized characteristic, an important basis for regional culture identity, greatly enriches the form and connotation of Guangdong Buddhist culture. Thirdly, Buddhist culture is an important part of Guangdong traditional culture. It is not only a carrier of history, but also a cultural resource for the sense of place. Therefore, it is essential and practical to protect the Guangdong Buddhist culture landscape in terms of shaping a sense of place and developing religious tourism. The main academic contribution of this dissertation lies in different aspects. It serves as a supplement to the domestic study in regional Geography of cultural geography. Various methods, such as historical documentary analytic method, quantitative analysis, and questionnaire, are adopted to avoid limitation caused by a single method and achieve an improvement in the traditional way of research which relies heavily on the historical documents. It explores the driving mechanism of Guangdong Buddhism diffusion from the perspective of man-land relationship, offering empirical study of Buddhist geography. The dissertation also provides a comprehensive analysis in the types and characteristics of Buddhist cultural landscapes in Guangdong. It researches into practical significance of Buddhist culture, especially its contribution to shaping regional sense of place in the globalization and urbanization. However, there is still room for further research on the analysis of Buddhist culture diffusion in Guangdong due to the limited historical literature. In addition, more researches could be conducted in the relationship between Buddhism and polytheistic folk beliefs, Buddhism and Zen Buddhism as well as the role of Buddhist culture in the integration of regional culture....