院落式民居采光及通风研究
【外文题名】Research on the Air Conditioning Characteristics of the Courtyard-style Residential
【作者】 叶欣
【关键词】 院落式民居 自然采光 计算流体力学 传统建筑环境观
【外文关键词】 courtyard style residential compound natural lighting computational hydrodynamics geomantic omen traditional building circumstance ideas
【导师姓名】沈国民，谢军龙
【学位名称】硕士
【学位年度】2007
【学位授予单位】暂无
【所属分类】TU241.5,TU113.3,TU834
【录入时间】2007-01-01
【摘要】进行了分析，认为由于四合院四面布置的建筑形式，在四个朝向都可以获得日照。在不考虑日光直射的情况下，各房间距离外窗的一带采光较好，远离的地方主要依靠室内反射采光或者采用灯光照明。院子四周挑檐的存在，对日照起到一定的遮挡作用。主房，东厢房，东耳房的天光照明明显好于西耳房，西厢房和门房。这主要是由于内部发射的不同所造成的。综合来说，主房的日照最佳。厢房外窗处光合有效辐射较强，适宜种植喜阳植物。在窗台上放置盆花等物，夏日时可以遮阳，冬天太阳高度角较小时又不影响日照。同时也对本文所建模型制式的四合院前后间距进行了分析，认为7.1米处时前排四合院在11：15－13：15分没有对后排四合院造成遮挡。符合国家制定的当地冬至日住宅底层日照间距不少于1小时的要求。本文的另一重要部分就传统建筑观中包含的传统建筑环境思想进行了研究，建立一具典型意义的村落，设立背山环水的建筑环境，以计算流体力学和传热学为理论基础，建立了物理模型，并采用两方程模型建立了大空间内的紊流数学模型，利用airpak软件对有山有水的建筑环境与单一的村落建筑环境进行比对，认为村落后部200米处的山，使得冬季风速急剧下降，夏季风的影响远小于冬季，具有一定的季节调节性。在北京地区座北朝南具有很大的适应性，夏季有利于自然通风，冬季又避免了寒风的迎面而来。河流对于村落的影响由于生活方式的改变，重要性有一定降低；背山面水的自然环境适宜人类的居住，有利于使人的自然属性得以释放，与自然世界在心理上获得更融洽的协调与统一。...
【外文摘要】The courtyard-style residential compound is a compound with an outdoor central courtyard surrounded by indoor residential space. Most residents take traditional Chinese courtyard dwelling. There are six major forms:north courtyard,southern residential compound,Fujian Hakka old fashion building, Fushun northeastern and Jilin Manchu residential compound. Combined with the traditional architecture perspective, the architectrual form of Beijing four-section rectangular compound, a reprensentative of court-yard style compound, is studied, with the model of two present style Beijing four-section rectangular compound constructed using computer software and the analysis of the condition of natural brightness gathering, getting the conclusion that every direction could get enough sunshine due to its four-section form. Desperate of the direct sunshine,the daylight of outside window area is very good in every room,and the daylight of farther area depends on reflection or lamlight. Eaves surrounded yard plays a certain role in blocking sunshine. the daylight in main house, east wings is significantly better than in the west wings and gatekeeper. This was mainly due to internal differences caused by the firing. In summary, the main room has the best sunshine. Another important aspect of this paper studid the traditional idea of the built environmentincludes included in geomantic omen,established a typical village, designed the built environment surrounded by mountains and rivers.Based on computational hydrodynamics and diathermanous theoretical, it built a physical model ,and create a turbulence fluid mathematical model in a large space by refering a two-equation model. After comparing the environment of villages with and with out mountain and rivers ,we conclude that the mountain plays an more important role than the rivers as the style of our lives have been changed....