合江方言语音研究

【外文题名】A Phonetic Study of Hejiang Dialect

【作者】 曾艳萍

【关键词】 合江方言 语音 《广韵》 入声 归属

【外文关键词】 Hejiang Dialect Pronunciation Guangyun Entering Tones Ownership

【导师姓名】高廉平

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】H17

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】 知网挂接 万方挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】声母方面,合江方言共有21个声母,存在两个介于元音和辅音之间的无通擦音[(?)]、[(?)],由于其出现的位置均为韵母的位置,所以归为韵母。与《广韵》音系比较,古精组字在今洪音前读作[ts]、[ts‘]、[s],在今细音前读作[(?)]、[(?)]、[(?)],古见、晓组字在今洪音前读作[k]、[k‘]、[x],在今细音前读作[(?)]、[(?)]、[(?)]；古全浊声母今都读作清音,分化的规律为平声送气,仄声不送气；古晓母、匣母与遇摄合口一等相拼时读作[f]声母；古影组字大都读作零声母和[(?)]声母；古泥组字在今洪音前读作[1]声母,在今细音前,大致的分化规律是泥母字读作[(?)]声母,来母字读作[n]声母；古疑母字在今合江方言中读作[(?)]、[(?)]和零声母。韵母方面,合江方言有42个韵母,元音发音时舌位整体靠前,可分为舒声韵和入声韵两大类。与《广韵》音系相比,合江方言韵母的四呼情况与《广韵》音系韵母的洪细情况存在较大差异；韵尾方面,入声韵的塞音韵尾完全消失,舒声韵的鼻音韵尾仅剩[n]、[(?)]两种,并且[(?)]韵尾也逐渐被[n]韵尾代替,整体呈现辅音韵尾减少、语音元音化的趋势。声调方面,合江方言有5个声调,分别为阴平(44)、阳平(21)、上声(42)、去声(13)、入声(33),声调的调值普遍较低,且起伏不大。合江方言古今声调的主要演变趋势为：古平声在今合江方言中分为阴平和阳平两个声调,分化规律为清阴浊阳；古清声母上声和次浊声母上声今仍读作上声,古全浊声母上声今读作去声；古去声在今合江方言中主要仍读去声；基本保留古入声调。合江方言的音变包括变调和儿化现象。变调的情况不多,仅有“阳平+阳平→阳平+阴平”、“去声+去声→去声+阴平”两种。儿化的方式为在声母和韵头之后,加上卷舌元音[(?)],形成儿化音。儿化现象的普遍性表现为两方面,一是绝大多数韵母都可儿化,二是可儿化的词类丰富。儿化的作用包括成词、小称和改变词性三种。本文对合江方言的入声进行了深入的研究。在对合江方言入声舒读和舒声入读情况进行穷尽性的调查分析之后,发现入声舒读为去声和去声入读的情况最多。舒读的原因,一方面受普通话影响较大,另一方面,与例字的文白异读、新老差异以及谐声偏旁有关；入读的原因,同样存在多音字、文白异读、谐声偏旁等因素的影响。最后一章是对合江方言归属问题的探究。根据对四川方言形成过程的梳理,参考学术界对合江方言归属问题的讨论,否定了合江是客家方言岛之说。在另一种官话说的基础上,认为合江方言起源于上古时期从中原传入巴蜀地区的汉语(巴蜀语),应归为巴蜀土著语。...

【外文摘要】The county of Hejiang locates off the southern border and belongs to Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. Based on the 3700 basic words contained in the Survey Table of Dialect which is complied by the Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Language, the thesis is going to make a field investigation on the pronunciation of this county. On the basis of reliable speech materials, fully detailed description and analysis have been carried out on the phonetic system of Hejiang dialect. And through the comparison with the phonology of Guangyun, the evolution law of Hejiang dialect’s phonology is revealed.There are 21 initials in Hejiang dialect. Two approximants, [(?)]、[(?)], which exit between vowels and consonants are concluded in finals, for they appears in the position of finals. Therefore, compared with the phonology of Guangyun, "Jing" group are pronounced [ts]、[ts’]、[s] in the front of "Hong-Yin", [(?)]、[(?)]、[c] before "Xi-Yin"; and the "Xiao" group are pronounced [k]、[k’]、[x] in the front of "Hong-Yin", [(?)]、[(?)]、[c] before "Xi-Yin".The Ancient Voiced Initials are pronounced voiceless at present, and the differentiation rule is that the Ping tonal is aspirated, while Ze tonal is not; "Xiao-Xia" initials spell "Xie" group "He-Kou-Yi-Deng" finals is pronounced [f]; "Ying" group mostly are pronounced initial [0] or [(?)]; "Ni" group are pronounced initial [1] before "Hong-Yin", in the front of "Xi-Yin", "Ni" group are pronounced initial [(?)] and "Lai" group are pronounced [n]; "Yi" group are pronounced initial [(?)]、[(?)] or [(?)] in Hejiang dialect.In terms of finals, there are 42 in Hejiang dialect. The vowels’pronunciation is produced in the front and can be divided into two categories:lax tone finals and entering tone finals. Through a comparison with the phonology of Guangyun, it is got to find out that the "Si-Hu" conditions in Hejiang dialect exit quite a big difference from Guangyun. In the case of the coda, the plosive coda of entering tone finals totally disappears; the nasal coda is left with [n]、[(?)] in lax tone finals and meanwhile the coda [(?)] is replaced by the coda [n]. As a consequence, a trend emerges that codas of consonants are decreasing and pronunciation becomes voweled.With regard to the tone, there are five categories, Yinping (44), Yangping (21), rising tone (42), falling tone (13) and entering tone (33). The value of tone is generally low and undulating. The primary evolution trend of Hejiang dialect of ancient and modern tones is shown in that the ancient level tone has tones of Yinping and Yangping in the temporary Hejiang dialect and the rule of differentiation is the voiceless is Yin, voiced is Yang. The rising tones of ancient voiceless and secondary voiced initials are pronounced rising tone; the rising tone of ancient voiced initials is pronounced falling tone and ancient falling tone is still pronounced falling tone in the present Hejiang dialect, generally remaining ancient entering tone.The phenomenon of tonal modification and retro flex is included in the phonetic variation of Hejiang dialect. Tone variation is manifested in two aspects, that is, "Yangping+Yangping→Yinping+Yinping" and "falling tone+falling tone→falling tone+Yinping". The mode of retro flection is to add retro flex vowel [(?)]. The generality of the retroflex phenomenon is displayed in two aspects. On one hand, most of the finals can be retrofiexed and on the other hand words can be retroflexed are abundant. The functions of retroflex are word-formation, Little Said and the changing of part of speech.The thesis has made a deep research on the entering tones of Hejiang dialect. After an exhaustive investigation and analysis on the lax tones change to entering tones and entering tones change to lax tones of Hejiang dialect, it is found that the example characters of entering tones change to falling tones and falling tones change to entering tones are most. The reason of lax reading lies in great influence by Mandarin on one hand, and relations with example characters’literary and colloquial pronunciation, old and new radical differences and harmonic sound on the other hand, which could account for the entering reading as well.The last chapter of the thesis is to make an exploration into the ownership of Hejiang dialect. According to the formation of the Sichuan dialect, reference academic circle deny that Hejiang belong to the Hakka dialect island. In the light of another official statement, it is regarded that Hejiang dialect originated from the Chinese that was passed to Ba Shu district from the Central Plains in ancient times. Therefore, it can be classified into indigenous language of Ba Shu....