汇流时代我国公共广电体系之研究

【外文题名】A Study on Taiwan's Public Broadcasting System in the Age of Digital Convergence

【作者】 陈彦龙

【关键词】 公共广电服务 台湾公共广电集团 数位汇流 公共电视法 公共传媒服务

【外文关键词】 Public Television Act digital convergence Taiwan Broadcasting System Public Service Media/Communication

【导师姓名】熊杰

【学位名称】博士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】暂无

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】 读秀挂接

【摘要】公共廣播電視集團（簡稱公廣集團）。2007年起，公廣集團再加上客家台、原民台、宏觀台，成為年運作經費超過20億的公共廣電服務體系。公視擴大公共服務規模，《公共電視法》（簡稱公視法）卻未同步修正，公廣集團各台因法制定位不明，公共經費不足，加上整併帶來的組織文化衝突，問題橫生。2008年政黨再次輪替，國民黨全面執政，連番風暴再讓公視深陷政治干預陰影，公視的獨立自主與公眾問責機制，也成為公視法增修的重要議題。另一方面，我國公共廣電制度，亦面臨數位時代的轉型。從創新服務角度來看，數位匯流使得傳統公共廣電服務，得以跨足電信產業，打破類比時代體系階層與地理時空限制，形成所謂「公共傳媒服務」的新型態。本文目的，即是透過「公共廣電服務」理論原型之探討，以及世界進步國家公視制度的比較分析，來評估我國公共電視體制定位，及其數位時代的整體發展形貌。公共廣電服務能有效運作，必須依賴穩定的經費設計，且不受商業或政治影響。我國公廣集團除華視外，各台經費主要來自政府經費支應，在國家財政困難或國會衝突時，經費容易遭到凍結或刪除。為了降低政治干預，增加公視獨立自主性，本文建議應改善公廣基金會的收入結構，減少政府經費所佔經費比例，增加非政府的自願性捐助。政府機構更應認知公視屬於全體國民，以「臂距之遙」原則，作為公視組織法制設計之理念。政府機構所制定的廣電政策、媒體制度與法律規範，對於公共電視發展，有決定性影響。本研究倡議，新聞局裁撤後，行政院文化部與通傳會應共同攜手，成為輔弼我國公視發展的關鍵行動者。相關作為包括文化內容扶植、影視特種基金設置、廣電法中的文化創意保護規定等，都是文化與傳播政策制定過程中，不可忽略的設計。本文主張，匯流時代的公共廣電體系法制工作，必須分階段循序進行。近程應先釐清公廣集團各台定位，將華視、客家台、宏觀台納入《公共電視法》之中，並朝向單一董事會治理規劃。中、遠程而言，擬自主營運的原民台、中央社、央廣、以及其他公營電台，則可依據數位公視平台的角色分工，相互結盟，形成夥伴關係，共同提供有別於商業體系之傳媒服務，以發揮公共傳媒之綜效。...

【外文摘要】The development of broadcasting system in Taiwan was first initiated by the commercial television and later followed by the public television. The Taiwan Public Television (PTS) was first proposed in 1980. After eighteen years of legislation and formation, on July 1, 1998, the PTS foundation officially launched its broadcasting services and since then, there are over hundreds of commercial television channels available in Taiwan. Due to the rotation of ruling parties in Taiwan occurring in 2000, the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government then enforced an amendment to the Broadcasting and Television Law relating to the exclusion of political influence from the broadcast media. Later, with the publicizing policy for the Chinese Television System (CTS), on July 1, 2006, the Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS) was formed, composed of PTS and CTS. Since 2007, with the joining of the Hakka Television, Taiwan Indigenous Television and Taiwan Macroview Television, the Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) came to existence, with an annual operation funding of over 2 billion NTD.Despite the expansion in public broadcasting services, the Public Television Act remained intact without any revision. Not surprisingly, the television stations under PSB confronted problems due to ambiguity in their legal positioning, shortage of public funding, as well as organizational cultural conflicts arisen from the consolidation. In 2008, a second ruling party rotation took place and the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) came into power. This continuous disturbance further made PTS entrapped into the gloom of government intervention; consequently, PTS s independent operation without interference and public accountability system have become the major issues for PTA amendment.On the other hand, with the advent of the digital era, the Taiwanese public broadcasting system has confronted many reforms. From an innovative service perspective, digital convergence overcome status, geographical and time limitations that existed in the analog system. This advancement permitted the traditional PSB services to set foot in the telecommunication industry, and a new Public Service Media/Communication was formed. By employing the PSB theoretical model and conducting comparative analyses for existing public broadcasting systems in advanced nations, this research intends to evaluate our nation s public television s institutional position and its overall development outlook in the digital era.The effective functioning of PSB must rely on stable funding support and be freed from commercial and political intervention. TBS, with the exception of CTS, all depended on government budget to support their operation. In times of nation s financial difficulty or congressional conflict, such funding became vulnerable for budget freeze or cut. In order to reduce government intervention and enhance independency, this study suggests PSB Foundation ought to modify its existing income structure, i.e. to reduce its proportion of government support while increase the proportion of voluntary contributions. Yet, Government agencies must also acknowledge that PTS belongs to the entire body of citizens and should draw on the arm s-length principle as the basis for designing the public television constitution.The broadcasting policies, institution, laws and regulations stipulated by our government agencies have a vital impact on the development of PTS. This research proposes that after the abrogation of the Government Information Office (GIO), the Department of Culture Affairs, Executive Yuan and the National Communications Commission (NCC) should work together hand in hand to assist and act as the key initiators for the development of our nation s public television services. The relevant actions could include efforts towards nurturing cultural related substances, instituting a film and television special fund, making amendment to the Broadcasting Act on regulations related to cultural creativity protection, etc. for these designs and considerations are essential for the formulation of cultural and communications policy.This research advocates that the laws and regulations for public broadcasting service system must proceed gradually in stages. In the short range, the positioning of each television stations under the PBS must be determined and clarified. Additionally, the Chinese Television System, Hakka Television, and Taiwan Macroview Television should be incorporated in the Public Television Act and aim for a common board of directors governance system. With respect to the intermediate and long run, the Taiwan Indigenous Television, Central News Agency, Radio Taiwan International and other government-own radio stations could form alliances with each other based on their unique roles in the digital public broadcasting platform. This alliance can collectively provide non-commercial broadcasting services to the general public and can bring forth greatest synergy effort for public media....