苗栗樟脑产业的镶嵌与转型-以东华樟脑厂为例

【外文题名】Embeddedness and Transformation of Camphor Industry in Miaoli A Case study of Donghua Camphor Factory

【作者】 赖怡瑾

【关键词】 樟脑产业 客家族群 族群分工 镶嵌 转型 个案研究 东华樟脑厂

【外文关键词】 Embeddedness Transformation Case study Donghua Camphor Factory Ethnic division of labor Camphor industry Hakka Ethnic

【导师姓名】黄世明

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2010

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】C913.11

【录入时间】2010-01-01

【全文挂接】 读秀挂接

【摘要】舊留在樟腦產業場域的企業經營如何被建構與轉型。研究方法以歷史比較法、個案研究法與訪談法為主。歷史比較法的運用在於比較不同經營背景脈絡下的生成變化；其次，以個案研究法針對東華樟腦廠作詳盡的經營脈絡探討；再以訪談方式獲取東華樟腦廠相關經營背景的資訊。透過「制度鑲嵌」、「轉型建構」、「族群分工」三大面向探討樟腦產業發展變遷脈絡與客家族群經濟，研究發現歸納如下：（一）樟腦從功能尚未被發跡轉變為競爭掠奪目標產品時，引發國家施行專賣與外國資本勢力介入，形塑其獨特的鑲嵌特性。當此鑲嵌環境改變，且不再有高度支配性及既有市場萎縮時，樟腦產業轉變為企業經營型態；（二）當樟腦產業走向夕陽化，國家不再介入，外國資本勢力也不再干涉，供需秩序改變，樟腦產業不再以鑲嵌為主時，樟腦業者需自行建構市場，而在企業經營夕陽化時業者需要透過轉型獲取永續經營的機會；（三）觀察東華樟腦廠的企業經營與轉型過程發現，其三代經營者的經營型態因經營環境背景迥異而有所不同，而其轉型類型是以「管理過程」、「政府政策相關聯」、「產品有突破性發展」為主；（四）族群分工於採樟之初就已存在，當樟腦產業市場萎縮與臺灣總督府教化原住民後，為了經濟利益而發生衝突的情況減少，族群分工的情形日漸不顯著；（五）在企業經營時，樟腦企業的客家文化內涵表現在桐花祭的參與以及產品設計、空間擺設上，但並非每家所呈現的客家文化層次是一樣的。...

【外文摘要】This study aims at context of changes of camphor industry development in Miaoli to compare and analyze camphor industry under collective labor under social structure of Hakka people economy and business operation management under individual establishment transformation as well as the presented Hakka people interaction and division of labor details. Camphor industry before the War embedded in economic social structure context in economic development and decline is discussed with monopoly, resources and division of labor in ethnic group; after the War, we observe how business operation in camphor industry field is constructed and transformed after camphor industry decline.Study methods include historical comparison, case study and interviews. Historical comparison is to compare generation changes in different operation background contexts; case study aims at detailed operation context of Donghua Camphor Factory; interviews help obtain operation background information of Donghua Camphor Factory.Camphor industry development change contexts and Hakka people economy is discussed with system embedding, transformation construction and division of labor in ethnic group. The findings show: 1 the unique embedding characteristic was caused due to monopoly in the country and intervention of foreign capital before camphor was turned into target product by predators. As the embedding environment changed without highly dominating market and the market declined, camphor industry turned into business operation form; 2 when camphor industry declined, the country no longer intervened and foreign capital stepped away. Supply and demand order changed. When camphor industry no longer focused on embedding, camphor proprietors established market. As the business operation declined, proprietors had to reinvent themselves for sustainable operation; 3 looking at business operation and transformation process of Donghua Camphor Factory, we learnt operation styles of the three generations of owners differed due to different background. Transformation mainly includes management process, government policy association and breakthrough development of products; 4 division of labor in ethnic group was already available at beginning of camphor plucking. When camphor industry market declined and Taiwan Garrison Command government educated the aborigines, division of labor in ethnic group turned less distinctive due to less conflicts from economic interests; 5 in business operation, Hakka culture of camphor businesses is show in Tung Blossom Festival participation, product design and space layout. Not all companies have the same Hakka culture levels....