增城程乡腔客家话语气助词研究

【外文题名】A Study of the Modal Particles of Chengxiang Accent Hakka Dialect

【作者】 蒋玉婷

【关键词】 语气助词 程乡腔客家话 增城 语法化

【外文关键词】 Chengxiang accent Hakka dialect modal particle Zengcheng grammaticalization

【导师姓名】杨敬宇

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2012

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】H176,H042

【录入时间】2012-01-01

【全文挂接】 万方挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】事实，这是这门方言独特的价值，希望引起学界的注意。 论文共分四章。 第一章绪论部分介绍了增城和增城程乡腔客家话的基本情况，概述了共同语和汉语方言中语气助词研究的历史、现状和新研究的可能，对“语气助词”这一术语进行了说明，并提出语气助词的判定标准，最后介绍论文的研究对象、意义和研究的主要方法。 第二章主要考察了增城程乡腔客家话的16个专用语气助词，并归纳程乡腔客家话专用语气助词的系统。指出不同语气助词之间的区分主要靠元音，声母是辅助；同一语气助词大多以不同的声调来表达不同的语气意义，语气助词所呈现出来的声调是受语调影响的结果；某些语气助词存在类似粤语的“k化”现象，其来源可能是言语行为中短促的-ʔ煞尾。 第三章讨论了增城程乡腔客家话9个兼用语气助词，利用语法化理论对其来源进行考察。指出疑问语气助词“盲”、“冇”源自否定词“盲”和“冇”，用法已经扩展到反诘问，但语法化还不够彻底；语气助词“嘅”来源于结构助词，它还可用为询问原因的疑问语气助词；句末“增加”义副词“添”演变为表意外、惊讶的语气助词，除了有语义上的关联外，还跟汉语未然和已然语义同形的特点有关；“怕”和“话”的语法化受信息包装策略的促动，韵律对其语法化也起了推动作用，“话”最后还语法化为疑问语气助词和埋怨语气助词，这也是非常独特的；第三人称复指代词“佢”的语法化是结构类推作用的结果，比其他方言特殊用法的“佢”在语法化程度上都走得更远；而小称标记“子”尾演变成语气助词是证实小称词语法化链条的一个独特的发现。 第四章探讨语气助词的连用现象，讨论了语气助词的“融合”和“添加”两种连用方式。认为语气助词也有构词功能，融合是其手段。语气助词的添加是有层次的，论文最后讨论了语气助词连用的规律。...

【外文摘要】This dissertation is a special research on the grammar of Hakka dialect. Scholars might pay little attention to the grammar of Chengxiang Accent Hakka Dialect, for it has a lot of similarities with that of Cantonese and possesses few specialties of its own. This dissertation mainly uses the method of synchronic description and diachronic investigation, together with the Grammaticalization theory to provide a deeper analysis and mining about the modal particles of the dialect, and finds many interesting and unique features. At the same time, it provides language facts for the Grammaticalization theory. This is the unique values of the dialect, and is expected to get more attention from academics. The dissertation is composed of four parts. Chapter I introduces the basic information of Zengcheng and Chengxiang Dialect, summarizes the history and current situation of modal particles’ study in mandarin and Chinese dialects, and also the possibility of new research. What’s more, it explains the term of Modal Particle and proposes its judgment standards. In addition, it defines the material, the meaning and mainly methods of the study. Chapter II mainly investigates 16 dedicated modal particles of Chengxiang Dialect, and summarizes the dedicated modal particles’s system. It points out that modal particles are distinguished mainly by vowels; the initial consonants are just assistors. One modal particle often has different tones expressing different mood, the tone is the result of the intonation’s influence. Some modal particles will ‘K-nization’, its origin might be the short -ʔ end in speech. Chapter III discusses 9 pluralistic modal particles of Chengxiang Dialect and uses Grammaticalization theory to investigate their origin. It proposes that the query modal particles mang 盲, mau 冇originate from privatives. Their uses have extended to rhetorical question, however, the grammaticalization has not been fully completed. Ke嘅 origins from structural particle, can be used as reason query modal particles.The final adverb meaning increase evolves into a modal particle expressing surprised. It relates to semantics, and also the feature that the unrealized and realized situations can be expressed by the same construction. The grammaticalizations of pha怕and va 话 are motivated by information packaging strategy and sentence’s rhythm. It is quite special that va 话evolutes into a modal particle expressing doubt and complaint. The grammatialization of the third personal pronoun ki佢is the result of analogy. It evolutes deeper than that in other dialects. What’s more, the diminutive marking developes into modal particle is a distinctive discovery which can demonstrate the Grammaticalization chain. Chapter IV exposes the modal particles’ collocation, discusses two ways namely fusion融合and append添加. Fusion makes the Word-building function of modal particles works. Append is rooted in the hierarchy of modal particles’ system. At the end of this dissertation, it discusses modal particles’ append rules....