四川客家民居建筑形态研究

【外文题名】The Study about Building Form of Sichuan Hakka Folk Houses

【作者】 李静

【关键词】 客家民居 建筑型制 文化 四川

【外文关键词】 Hakka folk houses building type system culture Sichuan

【导师姓名】陈颖

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2012

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】TU241.5,TU,0

【录入时间】2012-01-01

【全文挂接】 知网挂接 万方挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】说,是在“客家第四次大迁移”时期入川的,即是在清代“湖广填四川”运动中,从康熙十年(1671)到乾隆四十一年(1776),从闽粤赣等地迁入。四川的客家文化是由原乡闽粤赣客家文化与四川土著文化相互交融的产物。四川客家民居作为客家文化的物质载体,是四川客家文化的典型表现形式,深刻反映了四川客家文化的独特性。本文从人类地理学和文化地理学两个角度,分析论述了四川客家民居的分布与现状、建筑型制、类型特征、空间特性,并对比研究了四川客家民居与四川土著民居、四川三个不同文化区域的客家民居之间的异同；指出了四川客家民居与四川自然和社会环境的深刻联系,揭示了四川客家民居在四川形成、演变与发展的深层原因以及四川客家民居鲜明的个性特征。论文首先阐述了四川客家民居研究的现状,厘清了四川客家民居研究有待进一步深入研究的方向,指出了本文研究的目的和意义。其次,介绍了四川客家人的分布与数量,分析了影响四川客家民居形成与发展演变的自然和人文环境,指出四川客家民居的基本型制为—“四厅相向,中涵一庭”的九宫格局的中庭型。然后,进一步的从四川客家民居建筑的类型特点、平面型制、空间形态、建筑技术和装饰艺术几方面,详细分析了四川客家民居的特点以及在四川客家民居中所缊涵的四川客家人的宗法观念、宗教信仰、防御特性、门榜文化等文化意象的表达。并从比较分析中更深入地刻画了四川客家民居的风格、特征以及形成的原因,使全文的论述更全面、更有说服力。最后针对四川客家民居研究目前还存在的一些问题,提出了四川客家民居以聚落为研究对象的重要性；对四川客家民居的保护与再利用应从场所精神的角度思考,注重四川客家民居存在的无形文化资产的保护利用。...

【外文摘要】Hakka, one of Han ethnic group’s subgroups, refers to a stable special Han ethnic group with unique dialect, customs, and cultural psychology self-identity formed by the migration of ancestors, due to war, famine, land and other social and natural reasons as early as in Tang and Song dynasties, from the central plain towards south into the mountain at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi Province in succession, and then evolved by social isolated and integrating local Yao, She, and other ethnic minorities. Sichuan Hakka moved from Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, etc. to Sichuan which was one of the five provinces inhabited by Hakka people during "fourth great migration of Hakka" period, namely "Hubei and Hunan to Sichuan" campaign in the Qing Dynasty from10year of the reign of Qing Emperor Kangxi(1671) to41year of the reign of Qing Emperor Qianlong(1776) according to Luo xinglin’s theory of "five great migrations ". The culture of Sichuan Hakka is the product combining with the culture of original Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi Hakka. Sichuan Hakka, as a material carrier of Hakka culture, is a typical manifestation of Hakka culture and deeply reflects the uniqueness of Sichuan Hakka culture.The paper discusses the distribution, current situation, building type system, type features, and spatial characteristics of Sichuan Hakka folk houses from the respects of anthropogeography and cultural geography and comparatively analyzes about how alike or different Sichuan Hakka folk houses, Sichuan aboriginal folk houses, and Hakka folk houses in three different cultural regions of Sichuan are from each other, also, it points out the deep relation between Sichuan Hakka folk houses, natural and social environment, and reveals the deep cause of the formation, growth, and development of Sichuan Hakka folk houses in Sichuan as well as Hakka folk houses’bright characteristics.Firstly, the paper elaborates the Current studies of Sichuan Hakka folk houses, clarifies the direction of study which remains to be furthered, and points out the aims and meanings of this paper. Secondly, it introduces the distribution and number of Sichuan Hakka folk houses, analyzes natural and social environment that influences the formation and development of Sichuan Hakka folk houses, and indicates that the basic type of them is "four halls towards center, one court in the center", which is nine panes’atrium.Thirdly, it undertakes a further deep analysis about the feature, patriarchal clan system, religious belief, defense property, plaque attached to a wall and other expressions of cultural images in Sichuan Hakka folk houses from the aspects of type feature, planar system, spatial form, architectural technology and decorative art. Also, it deeply depicts the style, feature and the cause of the formation of Sichuan Hakka folk houses by comparative analyses. Finally, it raises the importance of study about Sichuan Hakka folk houses as Settlements according to some problems in the Current research; and only through thinking with the locale spirit, paying attention to the protection and use of the non-material cultural heritages of Sichuan Hakka folk houses can guarantee the protection and use of Sichuan Hakka folk houses....