客家民俗体育的实证研究：以闽西连城罗坊乡“走古事”活动为例

【作者】 杨艳红

【关键词】 罗坊乡 “走古事”活动 客家民俗体育 整理与保护 传承与发展

【外文关键词】 Luofang village “Zou gu shi”activities Hakka folk sports Arrangement and protection Inheritance and development

【导师姓名】赵宝椿

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】G852

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】 知网挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】07年已入选国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录,但对其价值与意义的认识尚存不足,对其民俗体育本质、特征与功能的实证研究也很不够。本文采用人类学的田野观察法和实地访谈法,主要对客家聚居地“走古事”活动的产生背景、艺术表现形式及其他民俗体育活动的开展情况进行了调查和研究。从人类学的角度分析了连城罗坊乡“走古事”活动所蕴涵的传统文化特征与功能;影响“走古事”活动形成和发展的因素。根据调查结果,提出了相应的对策和建议,以探索发展“走古事”活动及其他客家民俗体育的有效途径。研究结果认为:1、客家族群存有丰富多彩的节庆、宗教、祭祀类民俗,其中蕴含大量的民俗体育活动。客家民俗体育与客家民间风俗习惯关系密切,是一种世代传承和延续的体育文化形态,具有集体性、传承性和模式性特点。2、“走古事”活动具有明显的民族性和地域性特征。源于湖南,现盛行于福建、江西等客家纯居住地,是迁徙到这些地方的客家人在迁徙途中,或者是在迁徙到当地后形成和发展起来的,从中折射出客家民俗体育文化的兼容性与创造性以及体育的自然性和社会性本质。3、罗坊乡“走古事”是一种来自民间的健康的传统体育活动,是中华多彩客家文化的一朵奇葩。从最初用于祭神、娱神、祁福,逐渐发展成为一项民俗体育活动,而如今变成了促进人们身心健康的娱乐活动。它从侧面反映出了当地客家人的生活环境、审美情趣、生活方式、宗教祭祀、节庆娱乐等一系列民族文化特征,在福建龙岩山区有着广泛的群众基础。进一步深入、全面、系统研究和整理并积极地开发与保护“走古事”活动,有助于其稳定健康地发展,使客家民俗体育文化转化成为可利用的资源,促进当地经济发展。?4、以“走古事”个案研究为例,客家民俗体育的特征:(1)表现形式的仪式性与体育形态的模糊性;(2)生存空间的地域性与文化的原生态性;(3)时间的节庆性与内容的民俗性;(4)组织形式的自发性与活动规则的粗放性;(5)活动主体的宗族性与不平衡性。客家民俗体育的功能:作用于个体:(1)教育功能;(2)健身娱乐功能;(3)宣泄情绪功能;(4)人际交往功能。作用于社会:(1)传承客家文化的功能;(2)强化客家族群认同感的功能;(3)客家村落自治的功能;(4)繁荣经济的功能。5、客家民俗体育在现代社会发展的影响下,其传承与发展面临的困境:(1)客家民俗体育生存环境的改变;(2)客家民俗体育传承人员的流失;(3)客家民俗体育文化认同感减弱;(4)各利益相关者之间的冲突。克服困境的对策:(1)加强政府对客家民俗体育活动的管理与保护实施力度;(2)重点关注客家民俗体育传承人的培养;(3)协调好各利益相关者之间的关系;(4)以海西经济发展区为平台,大力发展客家民俗体育文化产业。...

【外文摘要】There are a plenty of various forms of culture of folk sports in the folk culture of Hakka groups. From the perspective of ethnology, it was merely a folk belief activity item. But from the perspective of folk sport’s culture, it contains many folk sports elements and is an important resource of the folk sport’s culture of Hakka .The“Zou gu shi”in Luofang village, Liancheng town, western Fujian, is the typical representative of Hakka folk sport .It has been elected to be national immaterial and cultural heritage, but the understanding of its value and significance is inadequate and lacking of practical research in the nature, character and function of folk sports.Therefore, this paper adopts anthropology field observation and on-the-spot interview method, is mainly studying and researching about the Hakka settlements "Zou gu shi" activities of ancient background, art forms and other folk sports activities.?From the perspective of the anthropology, it analyses the characteristics and functions of traditional culture and the factors that influences the starting and development of the activity.? ? According to the results of the survey, it puts forward the corresponding countermeasure and the suggestion, so as to explore an effective way to develop the "Zou gu shi" activities and other ancient Hakka folk sports .The results indicate that:1、There are colorful festivals, religion, sacrifice to class in Hakka ethnic entities, which contain a lot of folk sports activities. Hakka folk sports is closely related with Hakka folk customs, and it is a continuation of the sports’culture forms, with integrity, heredity and pattern nature.2、"Zou gu shi " activities has obvious national and regional characteristics. It was originated from Hunan and it is popular in Fujian , Jiangxi where pure Hakka residence live. It is the compatibility、innovation and sports’natural and social essence which are reflected during the migration of the pure Hakka residence or developed after their migration.3、"Zou gu shi " activity is a kind of great traditional sports?originated from folk, and the a wonder of colorful Hakka culture. It has changed from a folk sport used for entertaining gods、sacrificing god and praying to an entertainment that is both physically and mentally useful . It reflects a series of folk cultures characteristics including the Hakka people’s living environment、aesthetic temperament、living style、religious fete and festival entertainment , and has a broad mass base in Longyan mountain ,Fujian province. The Further study and active development of“Zou gu shi”activitity is good for its stable and healthy development, transferring folk sports culture into useful resources to promote the local economy .4、Taking the example of“Zou gu shi”,the Hakka folk sports have the following characteristics:(1)The ritualistic form and the fuzziness of the sports pattern.(2)? The regional living space and the original ecology of culture.(3)The celebrating festivals and the folk contents.(4)?The spontaneity of the organization form and the informality of rules .(5)The clan and unbalance of activity subject. Hakka folk sports’functions:on individuals ,such as education、entertainment、showing emotion and interpersonal communication ;on society,such as inheriting folk culture、enhancing clans’sense of identity、improving the Hakka villages’autonomy and prospering the economy.5、Under the influence of the social development ,inheritance and development of Hakka folk sports are facing the following difficulties:(1) The change of Hakka folk sports’survival environment.? ? (2) The drain of the inheritance staff. (3)?Hakka folk sports cultural identity abates.? (4)? The conflicts between stakeholders.? The countermeasures to overcome difficulties:(1)The strengthening of the government’s management and protection of Hakka folk sports; (2) Focusing on the cultivation of Hakka folk sports culture’s inheriting people.?(3) Dealing well with the relationship between the various stakeholders. (4) Regarding the hercynian economic zones as a platform to develop the Hakka folk sports culture industries....