客家地区农村女性闲暇生活方式研究

【外文题名】A Research of Rural Women’s Leisure Life in Hakka Areas

【作者】 高冬梅

【关键词】 客家地区 农村女性 闲暇 生活方式

【外文关键词】 Hakka area rural women leisure lifestyle

【导师姓名】万江红

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2010

【学位授予单位】暂无

【所属分类】C913.68

【录入时间】2010-01-01

【全文挂接】 知网挂接 万方挂接 读秀挂接

【摘要】题之一,为社会所普遍关注。在现有关于客家地区农村女性的研究中,大多数学者基本上从民俗学和文化人类学的角度,探讨客家地区女性的思想性格、风俗习惯、婚姻爱情、经济生活和社会角色的静态描写上,较少从闲暇视角对其生活方式进行研究。为此,本研究从闲暇生活方式的视角对客家地区农村女性进行实证的研究。笔者关注客家地区农村女性闲暇生活方式的状况如何?不同群体之间有哪些差异?其影响因素有哪些?围绕这三个基本问题,笔者借鉴关于闲暇、生活方式和客家女性这三方面已有的研究成果,通过对博白客家地区农村女性的实证调查,运用问卷调查、个案访谈、实地观察相结合的方法,从闲暇时间、闲暇活动和闲暇体验三方面描述该地区农村女性闲暇生活方式的现状特征,从而分析不同群体间闲暇生活方式的差异,探索其形成的影响因素以及这些因素的形成机制,并初步得到以下研究结论：第一,客家地区农村女性的闲暇时间总体上处于小幅度增加趋势,且不同年龄群体间闲暇时间的差异是和女性生命周期相联系,客家地区农村女性的闲暇时间变化呈U字型的变化。由于自然地理环境以及职业分化不彻底的特性,使得客家地区农村女性生产经营时间比较长,闲暇时间季节性差异不明显,闲暇时间增加幅度较小。客家地区农村女性闲暇时间在分配具有单调性与“重叠性”的特征。第二,客家地区农村女性最主要的三项闲暇活动为：看电视电影、串门闲谈、打牌打麻将。此外,还存在着一些不健康、消极的闲暇活动内容,如：阅读码报、买六合彩等。总体上看,客家地区女性闲暇活动类型以消遣娱乐为主,学习型的活动很少。第三,闲暇生活空间保持了乡土社会的“地方性”,家庭闲暇娱乐成为现阶段客家地区农村女性闲暇生活的主要形式。闲暇时的社会交往对象仍然以亲缘关系、地缘关系为主。但随着农村经济的改革和商品生产的发展,客家地区农村女性的业缘关系和趣缘关系也有所发展。第四,客家地区的大部分农村女性都能意识到闲暇与工作同样重要,闲暇的重要性在新一代农村女性那里得到了认同和提升。但是由于社会环境的制约,闲暇心态与实际闲暇生活的矛盾性和复杂性使客家地区农村女性的闲暇生活处于“无奈”满意。第五,影响客家地区农村女性闲暇生活的因素有很多,主要有物质和文化两方面。物质方面,城乡之间社会保障不完备,收入不稳,导致客家地区农村女性闲暇消费意思淡漠；农村闲暇设施和场所极度的缺乏。文化心理方面,大部分客家地区农村女性文化水平不高,致使很多女性缺乏闲暇活动的技能。她们的职业分化不彻底,兼营者的特殊身份使得很多的女性增加在生产时间上的支出来创造社会财富,从而使得闲暇时间减少。客家族群中存在一种对于客家女性“理想型”劳动人观的建构过程,并且透过不断地复制传颂＼异类排挤,内化为客家女性对于完美人格的自我要求。传统性别文化意识与农村社区亚文化制约了农村女性闲暇生活质量的提高。第六,从“女性发展”角度提出改善客家地区农村女性闲暇生活方式的途径,即发展社会生产力,培育先进性别文化,统筹安排,构建公共文化服务体系,鼓励和重视女性的参与和组织,多方参与,形成文化建设合力。...

【外文摘要】In China, with the launching of the socialist modernization drive and change the way people live, on the life of leisure has become more urgent, more extensive and deeper. Leisure life for individuals related to the people can not get the full enjoyment and self-development, for relations to improve people’s lives and improved quality of life, so the research on the leisure lifestyle of modern society in the sense that Lifestyle Research Centre, one of the topics for society attention. In the existing study about rural women in Hakka areas, most scholars static describe the ideological character of rural women in Hakka areas, customs, marriage, love, economic life and social roles, basically from folklore and cultural anthropology perspective. Less from the leisure life style perspective, therefore, this research from the leisure lifestyle of rural women in Hakka areas to conduct empirical research. Author pay attention to leisure lifestyle state of rural women in Hakka areas, and what are the differences between different groups? What are the influencing factors? Around three basic issues, Author draw on the leisure, lifestyle, and Hakka women that three research results have been, using three combine methods of questionnaires, case study, field observation,through empirical investigation of rural women in the Bobai Hakka areas, author describe leisure life characteristics of current rural women from leisure time, leisure activities and leisure experiences three aspects. Thus analysis of differences between different groups in leisure lifestyle, explore the affecting factors and formation mechanism. And the following preliminary conclusions:First, the rural women in Hakka areas of leisure time in a small increase in the overall trend, and the leisure time difference between different age groups is linked to the female life cycle. The changes of women’s leisure time was U-shaped.As the natural geographical environment and occupational differentiation is not complete, which makes no significant seasonal variations in leisure time the rural women in Hakka areas, production and operation time is a fairly long, leisure time is a lesser extent increased. The leisure time distribution of rural women in areas Hakka that is rather monotonous and "overlap."Second, the three most important leisure activity of the rural women in Hakka areas: watching television and movies, and visits chat, play cards and mahjong. In addition, there are a number of unhealthy, negative content leisure activities, such as:reading code, buying Mark Six. Overall, leisure activities of the rural women in Hakka area type is entertainment-based, learning-oriented activities were few. Third, the leisure space to keep the rural society "local". At this stage, the main form of leisure life in the rural women in Hakka areas is family leisure. Social contacts in leisure time are still to genetic relationship, geographic-based. However, with the rural economic reform and development of commodity production, interest and business relationship of rural women in Hakka areas also developed.Fourth, the majority of rural women in the Hakka areas realized that leisure and work is equally important. The importance of leisure in the new generation of rural women has been recognized and enhanced. However, in Hakka areas, rural women’s leisure life in a "helpless" satisfactory, because the constraints of social environment, complexity and conflict for leisure mentality and the actual leisure life.Fifth, there are many factors impact leisure life of rural women in Hakka areas. There are material and cultural aspects. Material aspect, inadequate social security between urban and rural areas, income gap between urban and rural areas, facilities and places extreme lack in rural. Cultural psychology aspect, most rural women in Hakka areas is not high cultural level, resulting in many women lack of leisure skills. Their job differentiation is not complete...